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   <hgroup><h1><a rel=home href=index.html>HTML: The Living Standard</a></h1><p id=dev-edition-h2>Edition for Web Developers — Last Updated <span class=pubdate>10 September 2025</span></hgroup>
   

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  <h2 id=table-of-contents class="no-num no-toc">Table of contents</h2>
  

  
  <ol class=toc><li><a href=introduction.html#introduction><span class=secno>1</span> Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=introduction.html#is-this-html5?><span class=secno>1.1</span> Is this HTML5?</a><li><a href=introduction.html#background><span class=secno>1.2</span> Background</a><li><a href=introduction.html#audience><span class=secno>1.3</span> Audience</a><li><a href=introduction.html#scope><span class=secno>1.4</span> Scope</a><li><a href=introduction.html#history-2><span class=secno>1.5</span> History</a><li><a href=introduction.html#design-notes><span class=secno>1.6</span> Design notes</a><ol><li><a href=introduction.html#extensibility><span class=secno>1.6.1</span> Extensibility</a></ol><li><a href=introduction.html#html-vs-xhtml><span class=secno>1.7</span> HTML vs XML syntax</a><li><a href=introduction.html#structure-of-this-specification><span class=secno>1.8</span> Structure of this specification</a><ol><li><a href=introduction.html#typographic-conventions><span class=secno>1.8.1</span> Typographic conventions</a></ol><li><a href=introduction.html#a-quick-introduction-to-html><span class=secno>1.9</span> A quick introduction to HTML</a><ol><li><a href=introduction.html#writing-secure-applications-with-html><span class=secno>1.9.1</span> Writing secure applications with HTML</a><li><a href=introduction.html#common-pitfalls-to-avoid-when-using-the-scripting-apis><span class=secno>1.9.2</span> Common pitfalls to avoid when using the scripting APIs</a><li><a href=introduction.html#how-to-catch-mistakes-when-writing-html:-validators-and-conformance-checkers><span class=secno>1.9.3</span> How to catch mistakes when writing HTML: validators and conformance checkers</a></ol><li><a href=introduction.html#conformance-requirements-for-authors><span class=secno>1.10</span> Conformance requirements for authors</a><ol><li><a href=introduction.html#presentational-markup><span class=secno>1.10.1</span> Presentational markup</a><li><a href=introduction.html#syntax-errors><span class=secno>1.10.2</span> Syntax errors</a><li><a href=introduction.html#restrictions-on-content-models-and-on-attribute-values><span class=secno>1.10.3</span> Restrictions on content models and on attribute values</a></ol><li><a href=introduction.html#suggested-reading><span class=secno>1.11</span> Suggested reading</a></ol><li><a href=infrastructure.html#infrastructure><span class=secno>2</span> Common infrastructure</a><ol><li><a href=infrastructure.html#terminology><span class=secno>2.1</span> Terminology</a><ol><li><a href=infrastructure.html#resources><span class=secno>2.1.1</span> Resources</a><li><a href=infrastructure.html#xml><span class=secno>2.1.2</span> XML compatibility</a><li><a href=infrastructure.html#dom-trees><span class=secno>2.1.3</span> DOM trees</a><li><a href=infrastructure.html#scripting-2><span class=secno>2.1.4</span> Scripting</a><li><a href=infrastructure.html#plugins><span class=secno>2.1.5</span> Plugins</a><li><a href=infrastructure.html#encoding-terminology><span class=secno>2.1.6</span> Character encodings</a><li><a href=infrastructure.html#dependencies><span class=secno>2.1.7</span> Dependencies</a><li><a href=infrastructure.html#extensibility-2><span class=secno>2.1.8</span> Extensibility</a></ol><li><a href=infrastructure.html#policy-controlled-features><span class=secno>2.2</span> Policy-controlled features</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#common-microsyntaxes><span class=secno>2.3</span> Common microsyntaxes</a><ol><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#boolean-attributes><span class=secno>2.3.1</span> Boolean attributes</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#keywords-and-enumerated-attributes><span class=secno>2.3.2</span> Keywords and enumerated attributes</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#numbers><span class=secno>2.3.3</span> Numbers</a><ol><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#signed-integers><span class=secno>2.3.3.1</span> Signed integers</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#non-negative-integers><span class=secno>2.3.3.2</span> Non-negative integers</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#floating-point-numbers><span class=secno>2.3.3.3</span> Floating-point numbers</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#lists-of-floating-point-numbers><span class=secno>2.3.3.4</span> Lists of floating-point numbers</a></ol><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#dates-and-times><span class=secno>2.3.4</span> Dates and times</a><ol><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#months><span class=secno>2.3.4.1</span> Months</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#dates><span class=secno>2.3.4.2</span> Dates</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#yearless-dates><span class=secno>2.3.4.3</span> Yearless dates</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#times><span class=secno>2.3.4.4</span> Times</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#local-dates-and-times><span class=secno>2.3.4.5</span> Local dates and times</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#time-zones><span class=secno>2.3.4.6</span> Time zones</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#global-dates-and-times><span class=secno>2.3.4.7</span> Global dates and times</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#weeks><span class=secno>2.3.4.8</span> Weeks</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#durations><span class=secno>2.3.4.9</span> Durations</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#vaguer-moments-in-time><span class=secno>2.3.4.10</span> Vaguer moments in time</a></ol><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#space-separated-tokens><span class=secno>2.3.5</span> Space-separated tokens</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#comma-separated-tokens><span class=secno>2.3.6</span> Comma-separated tokens</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#syntax-references><span class=secno>2.3.7</span> References</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#mq><span class=secno>2.3.8</span> Media queries</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#unique-values><span class=secno>2.3.9</span> Unique internal values</a></ol><li><a href=urls-and-fetching.html#urls><span class=secno>2.4</span> URLs</a><ol><li><a href=urls-and-fetching.html#terminology-2><span class=secno>2.4.1</span> Terminology</a><li><a href=urls-and-fetching.html#cors-settings-attributes><span class=secno>2.4.2</span> CORS settings attributes</a><li><a href=urls-and-fetching.html#referrer-policy-attributes><span class=secno>2.4.3</span> Referrer policy attributes</a><li><a href=urls-and-fetching.html#nonce-attributes><span class=secno>2.4.4</span> Nonce attributes</a><li><a href=urls-and-fetching.html#lazy-loading-attributes><span class=secno>2.4.5</span> Lazy loading attributes</a><li><a href=urls-and-fetching.html#blocking-attributes><span class=secno>2.4.6</span> Blocking attributes</a><li><a href=urls-and-fetching.html#fetch-priority-attributes><span class=secno>2.4.7</span> Fetch priority attributes</a></ol><li><a href=common-dom-interfaces.html#common-dom-interfaces><span class=secno>2.5</span> Common DOM interfaces</a><ol><li><a href=common-dom-interfaces.html#reflecting-content-attributes-in-idl-attributes><span class=secno>2.5.1</span> Reflecting content attributes in IDL attributes</a><li><a href=common-dom-interfaces.html#collections><span class=secno>2.5.2</span> Collections</a><ol><li><a href=common-dom-interfaces.html#the-htmlallcollection-interface><span class=secno>2.5.2.1</span> The <code>HTMLAllCollection</code> interface</a><li><a href=common-dom-interfaces.html#the-htmlformcontrolscollection-interface><span class=secno>2.5.2.2</span> The <code>HTMLFormControlsCollection</code> interface</a><li><a href=common-dom-interfaces.html#the-htmloptionscollection-interface><span class=secno>2.5.2.3</span> The <code>HTMLOptionsCollection</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=common-dom-interfaces.html#the-domstringlist-interface><span class=secno>2.5.3</span> The <code>DOMStringList</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=structured-data.html#safe-passing-of-structured-data><span class=secno>2.6</span> Safe passing of structured data</a><ol><li><a href=structured-data.html#serializable-objects><span class=secno>2.6.1</span> Serializable objects</a><li><a href=structured-data.html#transferable-objects><span class=secno>2.6.2</span> Transferable objects</a><li><a href=structured-data.html#structured-cloning><span class=secno>2.6.3</span> Structured cloning API</a></ol></ol><li><a href=dom.html#dom><span class=secno>3</span> Semantics, structure, and APIs of HTML documents</a><ol><li><a href=dom.html#documents><span class=secno>3.1</span> Documents</a><ol><li><a href=dom.html#the-document-object><span class=secno>3.1.1</span> The <code>Document</code> object</a><li><a href=dom.html#the-documentorshadowroot-interface><span class=secno>3.1.2</span> The <code>DocumentOrShadowRoot</code> interface</a><li><a href=dom.html#resource-metadata-management><span class=secno>3.1.3</span> Resource metadata management</a><li><a href=dom.html#reporting-document-loading-status><span class=secno>3.1.4</span> Reporting document loading status</a><li><a href=dom.html#render-blocking-mechanism><span class=secno>3.1.5</span> Render-blocking mechanism</a><li><a href=dom.html#dom-tree-accessors><span class=secno>3.1.6</span> DOM tree accessors</a></ol><li><a href=dom.html#elements><span class=secno>3.2</span> Elements</a><ol><li><a href=dom.html#semantics-2><span class=secno>3.2.1</span> Semantics</a><li><a href=dom.html#elements-in-the-dom><span class=secno>3.2.2</span> Elements in the DOM</a><li><a href=dom.html#element-definitions><span class=secno>3.2.3</span> Element definitions</a><ol><li><a href=dom.html#attributes><span class=secno>3.2.3.1</span> Attributes</a></ol><li><a href=dom.html#content-models><span class=secno>3.2.4</span> Content models</a><ol><li><a href=dom.html#the-nothing-content-model><span class=secno>3.2.4.1</span> The "nothing" content model</a><li><a href=dom.html#kinds-of-content><span class=secno>3.2.4.2</span> Kinds of content</a><ol><li><a href=dom.html#metadata-content><span class=secno>3.2.4.2.1</span> Metadata content</a><li><a href=dom.html#flow-content><span class=secno>3.2.4.2.2</span> Flow content</a><li><a href=dom.html#sectioning-content><span class=secno>3.2.4.2.3</span> Sectioning content</a><li><a href=dom.html#heading-content><span class=secno>3.2.4.2.4</span> Heading content</a><li><a href=dom.html#phrasing-content><span class=secno>3.2.4.2.5</span> Phrasing content</a><li><a href=dom.html#embedded-content-2><span class=secno>3.2.4.2.6</span> Embedded content</a><li><a href=dom.html#interactive-content><span class=secno>3.2.4.2.7</span> Interactive content</a><li><a href=dom.html#palpable-content><span class=secno>3.2.4.2.8</span> Palpable content</a><li><a href=dom.html#script-supporting-elements><span class=secno>3.2.4.2.9</span> Script-supporting elements</a><li><a href=dom.html#select-element-inner-content-elements><span class=secno>3.2.4.2.10</span> <code>select</code> element inner content elements</a><li><a href=dom.html#optgroup-element-inner-content-elements><span class=secno>3.2.4.2.11</span> <code>optgroup</code> element inner content elements</a><li><a href=dom.html#option-element-inner-content-elements><span class=secno>3.2.4.2.12</span> <code>option</code> element inner content elements</a></ol><li><a href=dom.html#transparent-content-models><span class=secno>3.2.4.3</span> Transparent content models</a><li><a href=dom.html#paragraphs><span class=secno>3.2.4.4</span> Paragraphs</a></ol><li><a href=dom.html#global-attributes><span class=secno>3.2.5</span> Global attributes</a><ol><li><a href=dom.html#the-title-attribute><span class=secno>3.2.5.1</span> The <code>title</code> attribute</a><li><a href=dom.html#the-lang-and-xml:lang-attributes><span class=secno>3.2.5.2</span> The <code>lang</code> and <code>xml:lang</code>
  attributes</a><li><a href=dom.html#the-translate-attribute><span class=secno>3.2.5.3</span> The <code>translate</code> attribute</a><li><a href=dom.html#the-dir-attribute><span class=secno>3.2.5.4</span> The <code>dir</code> attribute</a><li><a href=dom.html#the-style-attribute><span class=secno>3.2.5.5</span> The <code>style</code> attribute</a><li><a href=dom.html#embedding-custom-non-visible-data-with-the-data-*-attributes><span class=secno>3.2.5.6</span> Embedding custom non-visible data with the <code>data-*</code> attributes</a></ol><li><a href=dom.html#the-innertext-idl-attribute><span class=secno>3.2.6</span> The <code>innerText</code> and <code>outerText</code> properties</a><li><a href=dom.html#requirements-relating-to-the-bidirectional-algorithm><span class=secno>3.2.7</span> Requirements relating to the bidirectional algorithm</a></ol></ol><li><a href=semantics.html#semantics><span class=secno>4</span> The elements of HTML</a><ol><li><a href=semantics.html#the-root-element><span class=secno>4.1</span> The document element</a><ol><li><a href=semantics.html#the-html-element><span class=secno>4.1.1</span> The <code>html</code> element</a></ol><li><a href=semantics.html#document-metadata><span class=secno>4.2</span> Document metadata</a><ol><li><a href=semantics.html#the-head-element><span class=secno>4.2.1</span> The <code>head</code> element</a><li><a href=semantics.html#the-title-element><span class=secno>4.2.2</span> The <code>title</code> element</a><li><a href=semantics.html#the-base-element><span class=secno>4.2.3</span> The <code>base</code> element</a><li><a href=semantics.html#the-link-element><span class=secno>4.2.4</span> The <code>link</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=semantics.html#providing-users-with-a-means-to-follow-hyperlinks-created-using-the-link-element><span class=secno>4.2.4.1</span> Providing users with a means to follow hyperlinks created using the <code>link</code>
  element</a></ol><li><a href=semantics.html#the-meta-element><span class=secno>4.2.5</span> The <code>meta</code>
  element</a><ol><li><a href=semantics.html#standard-metadata-names><span class=secno>4.2.5.1</span> Standard metadata names</a><li><a href=semantics.html#other-metadata-names><span class=secno>4.2.5.2</span> Other metadata names</a><li><a href=semantics.html#pragma-directives><span class=secno>4.2.5.3</span> Pragma directives</a><li><a href=semantics.html#charset><span class=secno>4.2.5.4</span> Specifying the document's character encoding</a></ol><li><a href=semantics.html#the-style-element><span class=secno>4.2.6</span> The <code>style</code> element</a></ol><li><a href=sections.html#sections><span class=secno>4.3</span> Sections</a><ol><li><a href=sections.html#the-body-element><span class=secno>4.3.1</span> The <code>body</code> element</a><li><a href=sections.html#the-article-element><span class=secno>4.3.2</span> The <code>article</code> element</a><li><a href=sections.html#the-section-element><span class=secno>4.3.3</span> The <code>section</code> element</a><li><a href=sections.html#the-nav-element><span class=secno>4.3.4</span> The <code>nav</code> element</a><li><a href=sections.html#the-aside-element><span class=secno>4.3.5</span> The <code>aside</code> element</a><li><a href=sections.html#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements><span class=secno>4.3.6</span> The <code>h1</code>, <code>h2</code>, <code>h3</code>, <code>h4</code>, <code>h5</code>, and <code>h6</code>
  elements</a><li><a href=sections.html#the-hgroup-element><span class=secno>4.3.7</span> The <code>hgroup</code> element</a><li><a href=sections.html#the-header-element><span class=secno>4.3.8</span> The <code>header</code> element</a><li><a href=sections.html#the-footer-element><span class=secno>4.3.9</span> The <code>footer</code> element</a><li><a href=sections.html#the-address-element><span class=secno>4.3.10</span> The <code>address</code> element</a><li><a href=sections.html#headings-and-outlines-2><span class=secno>4.3.11</span> Headings and outlines</a><ol><li><a href=sections.html#sample-outlines><span class=secno>4.3.11.1</span> Sample outlines</a><li><a href=sections.html#exposing-outlines-to-users><span class=secno>4.3.11.2</span> Exposing outlines to users</a></ol><li><a href=sections.html#usage-summary-2><span class=secno>4.3.12</span> Usage summary</a><ol><li><a href=sections.html#article-or-section><span class=secno>4.3.12.1</span> Article or section?</a></ol></ol><li><a href=grouping-content.html#grouping-content><span class=secno>4.4</span> Grouping content</a><ol><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-p-element><span class=secno>4.4.1</span> The <code>p</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-hr-element><span class=secno>4.4.2</span> The <code>hr</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-pre-element><span class=secno>4.4.3</span> The <code>pre</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-blockquote-element><span class=secno>4.4.4</span> The <code>blockquote</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-ol-element><span class=secno>4.4.5</span> The <code>ol</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-ul-element><span class=secno>4.4.6</span> The <code>ul</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-menu-element><span class=secno>4.4.7</span> The <code>menu</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-li-element><span class=secno>4.4.8</span> The <code>li</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-dl-element><span class=secno>4.4.9</span> The <code>dl</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-dt-element><span class=secno>4.4.10</span> The <code>dt</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-dd-element><span class=secno>4.4.11</span> The <code>dd</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-figure-element><span class=secno>4.4.12</span> The <code>figure</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-figcaption-element><span class=secno>4.4.13</span> The <code>figcaption</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-main-element><span class=secno>4.4.14</span> The <code>main</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-search-element><span class=secno>4.4.15</span> The <code>search</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-div-element><span class=secno>4.4.16</span> The <code>div</code> element</a></ol><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#text-level-semantics><span class=secno>4.5</span> Text-level semantics</a><ol><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element><span class=secno>4.5.1</span> The <code>a</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-em-element><span class=secno>4.5.2</span> The <code>em</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-strong-element><span class=secno>4.5.3</span> The <code>strong</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-small-element><span class=secno>4.5.4</span> The <code>small</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-s-element><span class=secno>4.5.5</span> The <code>s</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-cite-element><span class=secno>4.5.6</span> The <code>cite</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-q-element><span class=secno>4.5.7</span> The <code>q</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element><span class=secno>4.5.8</span> The <code>dfn</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-abbr-element><span class=secno>4.5.9</span> The <code>abbr</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-ruby-element><span class=secno>4.5.10</span> The <code>ruby</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-rt-element><span class=secno>4.5.11</span> The <code>rt</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-rp-element><span class=secno>4.5.12</span> The <code>rp</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-data-element><span class=secno>4.5.13</span> The <code>data</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-time-element><span class=secno>4.5.14</span> The <code>time</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-code-element><span class=secno>4.5.15</span> The <code>code</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-var-element><span class=secno>4.5.16</span> The <code>var</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-samp-element><span class=secno>4.5.17</span> The <code>samp</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-kbd-element><span class=secno>4.5.18</span> The <code>kbd</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-sub-and-sup-elements><span class=secno>4.5.19</span> The <code>sub</code> and <code>sup</code> elements</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element><span class=secno>4.5.20</span> The <code>i</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element><span class=secno>4.5.21</span> The <code>b</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-u-element><span class=secno>4.5.22</span> The <code>u</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-mark-element><span class=secno>4.5.23</span> The <code>mark</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-bdi-element><span class=secno>4.5.24</span> The <code>bdi</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-bdo-element><span class=secno>4.5.25</span> The <code>bdo</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-span-element><span class=secno>4.5.26</span> The <code>span</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-br-element><span class=secno>4.5.27</span> The <code>br</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-wbr-element><span class=secno>4.5.28</span> The <code>wbr</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#usage-summary><span class=secno>4.5.29</span> Usage summary</a></ol><li><a href=links.html#links><span class=secno>4.6</span> Links</a><ol><li><a href=links.html#introduction-2><span class=secno>4.6.1</span> Introduction</a><li><a href=links.html#links-created-by-a-and-area-elements><span class=secno>4.6.2</span> Links created by <code>a</code> and <code>area</code> elements</a><li><a href=links.html#api-for-a-and-area-elements><span class=secno>4.6.3</span> API for <code>a</code> and <code>area</code> elements</a><li><a href=links.html#downloading-resources><span class=secno>4.6.4</span> Downloading resources</a><li><a href=links.html#hyperlink-auditing><span class=secno>4.6.5</span> Hyperlink auditing</a><ol><li><a href=links.html#the-ping-headers><span class=secno>4.6.5.1</span> The `<code>Ping-From</code>` and `<code>Ping-To</code>` headers</a></ol><li><a href=links.html#linkTypes><span class=secno>4.6.6</span> Link types</a><ol><li><a href=links.html#rel-alternate><span class=secno>4.6.6.1</span> Link type "<code>alternate</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-author><span class=secno>4.6.6.2</span> Link type "<code>author</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-bookmark><span class=secno>4.6.6.3</span> Link type "<code>bookmark</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-canonical><span class=secno>4.6.6.4</span> Link type "<code>canonical</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-dns-prefetch><span class=secno>4.6.6.5</span> Link type "<code>dns-prefetch</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-expect><span class=secno>4.6.6.6</span> Link type "<code>expect</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-external><span class=secno>4.6.6.7</span> Link type "<code>external</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-help><span class=secno>4.6.6.8</span> Link type "<code>help</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#rel-icon><span class=secno>4.6.6.9</span> Link type "<code>icon</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-license><span class=secno>4.6.6.10</span> Link type "<code>license</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-manifest><span class=secno>4.6.6.11</span> Link type "<code>manifest</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-modulepreload><span class=secno>4.6.6.12</span> Link type "<code>modulepreload</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-nofollow><span class=secno>4.6.6.13</span> Link type "<code>nofollow</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-noopener><span class=secno>4.6.6.14</span> Link type "<code>noopener</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-noreferrer><span class=secno>4.6.6.15</span> Link type "<code>noreferrer</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-opener><span class=secno>4.6.6.16</span> Link type "<code>opener</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-pingback><span class=secno>4.6.6.17</span> Link type "<code>pingback</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-preconnect><span class=secno>4.6.6.18</span> Link type "<code>preconnect</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-prefetch><span class=secno>4.6.6.19</span> Link type "<code>prefetch</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-preload><span class=secno>4.6.6.20</span> Link type "<code>preload</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-privacy-policy><span class=secno>4.6.6.21</span> Link type "<code>privacy-policy</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-search><span class=secno>4.6.6.22</span> Link type "<code>search</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-stylesheet><span class=secno>4.6.6.23</span> Link type "<code>stylesheet</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-tag><span class=secno>4.6.6.24</span> Link type "<code>tag</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-terms-of-service><span class=secno>4.6.6.25</span> Link Type "<code>terms-of-service</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#sequential-link-types><span class=secno>4.6.6.26</span> Sequential link types</a><ol><li><a href=links.html#link-type-next><span class=secno>4.6.6.26.1</span> Link type "<code>next</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-prev><span class=secno>4.6.6.26.2</span> Link type "<code>prev</code>"</a></ol><li><a href=links.html#other-link-types><span class=secno>4.6.6.27</span> Other link types</a></ol></ol><li><a href=edits.html#edits><span class=secno>4.7</span> Edits</a><ol><li><a href=edits.html#the-ins-element><span class=secno>4.7.1</span> The <code>ins</code> element</a><li><a href=edits.html#the-del-element><span class=secno>4.7.2</span> The <code>del</code> element</a><li><a href=edits.html#attributes-common-to-ins-and-del-elements><span class=secno>4.7.3</span> Attributes common to <code>ins</code> and <code>del</code> elements</a><li><a href=edits.html#edits-and-paragraphs><span class=secno>4.7.4</span> Edits and paragraphs</a><li><a href=edits.html#edits-and-lists><span class=secno>4.7.5</span> Edits and lists</a><li><a href=edits.html#edits-and-tables><span class=secno>4.7.6</span> Edits and tables</a></ol><li><a href=embedded-content.html#embedded-content><span class=secno>4.8</span> Embedded content</a><ol><li><a href=embedded-content.html#the-picture-element><span class=secno>4.8.1</span> The <code>picture</code> element</a><li><a href=embedded-content.html#the-source-element><span class=secno>4.8.2</span> The <code>source</code> element</a><li><a href=embedded-content.html#the-img-element><span class=secno>4.8.3</span> The <code>img</code> element</a><li><a href=images.html#images><span class=secno>4.8.4</span> Images</a><ol><li><a href=images.html#introduction-3><span class=secno>4.8.4.1</span> Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=images.html#adaptive-images><span class=secno>4.8.4.1.1</span> Adaptive images</a></ol><li><a href=images.html#attributes-common-to-source-and-img-elements><span class=secno>4.8.4.2</span> Attributes common to <code>source</code>,
  <code>img</code>, and <code>link</code> elements</a><ol><li><a href=images.html#srcset-attributes><span class=secno>4.8.4.2.1</span> Srcset attributes</a><li><a href=images.html#sizes-attributes><span class=secno>4.8.4.2.2</span> Sizes attributes</a></ol><li><a href=images.html#alt><span class=secno>4.8.4.3</span> Requirements for providing text to act as an alternative for images</a><ol><li><a href=images.html#general-guidelines><span class=secno>4.8.4.3.1</span> General guidelines</a><li><a href=images.html#a-link-or-button-containing-nothing-but-the-image><span class=secno>4.8.4.3.2</span> A link or button containing nothing but the image</a><li><a href=images.html#a-phrase-or-paragraph-with-an-alternative-graphical-representation:-charts,-diagrams,-graphs,-maps,-illustrations><span class=secno>4.8.4.3.3</span> A phrase or paragraph with an alternative graphical representation: charts, diagrams, graphs, maps, illustrations</a><li><a href=images.html#a-short-phrase-or-label-with-an-alternative-graphical-representation:-icons,-logos><span class=secno>4.8.4.3.4</span> A short phrase or label with an alternative graphical representation: icons, logos</a><li><a href=images.html#text-that-has-been-rendered-to-a-graphic-for-typographical-effect><span class=secno>4.8.4.3.5</span> Text that has been rendered to a graphic for typographical effect</a><li><a href=images.html#a-graphical-representation-of-some-of-the-surrounding-text><span class=secno>4.8.4.3.6</span> A graphical representation of some of the surrounding text</a><li><a href=images.html#ancillary-images><span class=secno>4.8.4.3.7</span> Ancillary images</a><li><a href="images.html#a-purely-decorative-image-that-doesn't-add-any-information"><span class=secno>4.8.4.3.8</span> A purely decorative image that doesn't add any information</a><li><a href=images.html#a-group-of-images-that-form-a-single-larger-picture-with-no-links><span class=secno>4.8.4.3.9</span> A group of images that form a single larger picture with no links</a><li><a href=images.html#a-group-of-images-that-form-a-single-larger-picture-with-links><span class=secno>4.8.4.3.10</span> A group of images that form a single larger picture with links</a><li><a href=images.html#a-key-part-of-the-content><span class=secno>4.8.4.3.11</span> A key part of the content</a><li><a href=images.html#an-image-not-intended-for-the-user><span class=secno>4.8.4.3.12</span> An image not intended for the user</a><li><a href=images.html#an-image-in-an-e-mail-or-private-document-intended-for-a-specific-person-who-is-known-to-be-able-to-view-images><span class=secno>4.8.4.3.13</span> An image in an email or private document intended for a specific person who is known to be able to view images</a></ol></ol><li><a href=iframe-embed-object.html#the-iframe-element><span class=secno>4.8.5</span> The
  <code>iframe</code> element</a><li><a href=iframe-embed-object.html#the-embed-element><span class=secno>4.8.6</span> The <code>embed</code> element</a><li><a href=iframe-embed-object.html#the-object-element><span class=secno>4.8.7</span> The <code>object</code> element</a><li><a href=media.html#the-video-element><span class=secno>4.8.8</span> The <code>video</code> element</a><li><a href=media.html#the-audio-element><span class=secno>4.8.9</span> The <code>audio</code> element</a><li><a href=media.html#the-track-element><span class=secno>4.8.10</span> The <code>track</code> element</a><li><a href=media.html#media-elements><span class=secno>4.8.11</span> Media elements</a><ol><li><a href=media.html#error-codes><span class=secno>4.8.11.1</span> Error codes</a><li><a href=media.html#location-of-the-media-resource><span class=secno>4.8.11.2</span> Location of the media resource</a><li><a href=media.html#mime-types><span class=secno>4.8.11.3</span> MIME types</a><li><a href=media.html#network-states><span class=secno>4.8.11.4</span> Network states</a><li><a href=media.html#loading-the-media-resource><span class=secno>4.8.11.5</span> Loading the media resource</a><li><a href=media.html#offsets-into-the-media-resource><span class=secno>4.8.11.6</span> Offsets into the media resource</a><li><a href=media.html#ready-states><span class=secno>4.8.11.7</span> Ready states</a><li><a href=media.html#playing-the-media-resource><span class=secno>4.8.11.8</span> Playing the media resource</a><li><a href=media.html#seeking><span class=secno>4.8.11.9</span> Seeking</a><li><a href=media.html#media-resources-with-multiple-media-tracks><span class=secno>4.8.11.10</span> Media resources with multiple media tracks</a><ol><li><a href=media.html#audiotracklist-and-videotracklist-objects><span class=secno>4.8.11.10.1</span> <code>AudioTrackList</code> and <code>VideoTrackList</code> objects</a><li><a href=media.html#selecting-specific-audio-and-video-tracks-declaratively><span class=secno>4.8.11.10.2</span> Selecting specific audio and video tracks declaratively</a></ol><li><a href=media.html#timed-text-tracks><span class=secno>4.8.11.11</span> Timed text tracks</a><ol><li><a href=media.html#text-track-model><span class=secno>4.8.11.11.1</span> Text track model</a><li><a href=media.html#sourcing-in-band-text-tracks><span class=secno>4.8.11.11.2</span> Sourcing in-band text tracks</a><li><a href=media.html#text-track-api><span class=secno>4.8.11.11.3</span> Text track API</a><li><a href=media.html#best-practices-for-metadata-text-tracks><span class=secno>4.8.11.11.4</span> Best practices for metadata text tracks</a></ol><li><a href=media.html#identifying-a-track-kind-through-a-url><span class=secno>4.8.11.12</span> Identifying a track kind through a URL</a><li><a href=media.html#user-interface><span class=secno>4.8.11.13</span> User interface</a><li><a href=media.html#time-ranges><span class=secno>4.8.11.14</span> Time ranges</a><li><a href=media.html#the-trackevent-interface><span class=secno>4.8.11.15</span> The <code>TrackEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=media.html#mediaevents><span class=secno>4.8.11.16</span> Events summary</a><li><a href=media.html#best-practices-for-authors-using-media-elements><span class=secno>4.8.11.17</span> Best practices for authors using media elements</a></ol><li><a href=image-maps.html#the-map-element><span class=secno>4.8.12</span> The <code>map</code> element</a><li><a href=image-maps.html#the-area-element><span class=secno>4.8.13</span> The <code>area</code> element</a><li><a href=image-maps.html#image-maps><span class=secno>4.8.14</span> Image maps</a><li><a href=embedded-content-other.html#mathml><span class=secno>4.8.15</span> MathML</a><li><a href=embedded-content-other.html#svg-0><span class=secno>4.8.16</span> SVG</a><li><a href=embedded-content-other.html#dimension-attributes><span class=secno>4.8.17</span> Dimension attributes</a></ol><li><a href=tables.html#tables><span class=secno>4.9</span> Tabular data</a><ol><li><a href=tables.html#the-table-element><span class=secno>4.9.1</span> The <code>table</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=tables.html#table-descriptions-techniques><span class=secno>4.9.1.1</span> Techniques for describing tables</a><li><a href=tables.html#table-layout-techniques><span class=secno>4.9.1.2</span> Techniques for table design</a></ol><li><a href=tables.html#the-caption-element><span class=secno>4.9.2</span> The <code>caption</code> element</a><li><a href=tables.html#the-colgroup-element><span class=secno>4.9.3</span> The <code>colgroup</code> element</a><li><a href=tables.html#the-col-element><span class=secno>4.9.4</span> The <code>col</code> element</a><li><a href=tables.html#the-tbody-element><span class=secno>4.9.5</span> The <code>tbody</code> element</a><li><a href=tables.html#the-thead-element><span class=secno>4.9.6</span> The <code>thead</code> element</a><li><a href=tables.html#the-tfoot-element><span class=secno>4.9.7</span> The <code>tfoot</code> element</a><li><a href=tables.html#the-tr-element><span class=secno>4.9.8</span> The <code>tr</code> element</a><li><a href=tables.html#the-td-element><span class=secno>4.9.9</span> The <code>td</code> element</a><li><a href=tables.html#the-th-element><span class=secno>4.9.10</span> The <code>th</code> element</a><li><a href=tables.html#attributes-common-to-td-and-th-elements><span class=secno>4.9.11</span> Attributes common to <code>td</code> and <code>th</code> elements</a><li><a href=tables.html#table-examples><span class=secno>4.9.12</span> Examples</a></ol><li><a href=forms.html#forms><span class=secno>4.10</span> Forms</a><ol><li><a href=forms.html#introduction-4><span class=secno>4.10.1</span> Introduction</a><ol><li><a href="forms.html#writing-a-form's-user-interface"><span class=secno>4.10.1.1</span> Writing a form's user interface</a><li><a href=forms.html#implementing-the-server-side-processing-for-a-form><span class=secno>4.10.1.2</span> Implementing the server-side processing for a form</a><li><a href=forms.html#configuring-a-form-to-communicate-with-a-server><span class=secno>4.10.1.3</span> Configuring a form to communicate with a server</a><li><a href=forms.html#client-side-form-validation><span class=secno>4.10.1.4</span> Client-side form validation</a><li><a href=forms.html#enabling-client-side-automatic-filling-of-form-controls><span class=secno>4.10.1.5</span> Enabling client-side automatic filling of form controls</a><li><a href=forms.html#improving-the-user-experience-on-mobile-devices><span class=secno>4.10.1.6</span> Improving the user experience on mobile devices</a><li><a href=forms.html#the-difference-between-the-field-type,-the-autofill-field-name,-and-the-input-modality><span class=secno>4.10.1.7</span> The difference between the field type, the autofill field name, and the input modality</a><li><a href=forms.html#input-author-notes><span class=secno>4.10.1.8</span> Date, time, and number formats</a></ol><li><a href=forms.html#categories><span class=secno>4.10.2</span> Categories</a><li><a href=forms.html#the-form-element><span class=secno>4.10.3</span> The <code>form</code> element</a><li><a href=forms.html#the-label-element><span class=secno>4.10.4</span> The <code>label</code> element</a><li><a href=input.html#the-input-element><span class=secno>4.10.5</span> The <code>input</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=input.html#states-of-the-type-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.1</span> States of the <code>type</code> attribute</a><ol><li><a href="input.html#hidden-state-(type=hidden)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.1</span> Hidden state (<code>type=hidden</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.2</span> Text (<code>type=text</code>) state and Search state (<code>type=search</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#telephone-state-(type=tel)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.3</span> Telephone state (<code>type=tel</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#url-state-(type=url)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.4</span> URL state (<code>type=url</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#email-state-(type=email)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.5</span> Email state (<code>type=email</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#password-state-(type=password)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.6</span> Password state (<code>type=password</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#date-state-(type=date)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.7</span> Date state (<code>type=date</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#month-state-(type=month)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.8</span> Month state (<code>type=month</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#week-state-(type=week)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.9</span> Week state (<code>type=week</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#time-state-(type=time)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.10</span> Time state (<code>type=time</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#local-date-and-time-state-(type=datetime-local)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.11</span> Local Date and Time state (<code>type=datetime-local</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#number-state-(type=number)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.12</span> Number state (<code>type=number</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#range-state-(type=range)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.13</span> Range state (<code>type=range</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#color-state-(type=color)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.14</span> Color state (<code>type=color</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.15</span> Checkbox state (<code>type=checkbox</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#radio-button-state-(type=radio)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.16</span> Radio Button state (<code>type=radio</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#file-upload-state-(type=file)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.17</span> File Upload state (<code>type=file</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#submit-button-state-(type=submit)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.18</span> Submit Button state (<code>type=submit</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#image-button-state-(type=image)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.19</span> Image Button state (<code>type=image</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#reset-button-state-(type=reset)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.20</span> Reset Button state (<code>type=reset</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#button-state-(type=button)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.21</span> Button state (<code>type=button</code>)</a></ol><li><a href=input.html#common-input-element-attributes><span class=secno>4.10.5.2</span> Common <code>input</code> element attributes</a><ol><li><a href=input.html#the-maxlength-and-minlength-attributes><span class=secno>4.10.5.2.1</span> The <code>maxlength</code> and <code>minlength</code> attributes</a><li><a href=input.html#the-size-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.2.2</span> The <code>size</code> attribute</a><li><a href=input.html#the-readonly-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.2.3</span> The <code>readonly</code> attribute</a><li><a href=input.html#the-required-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.2.4</span> The <code>required</code> attribute</a><li><a href=input.html#the-multiple-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.2.5</span> The <code>multiple</code> attribute</a><li><a href=input.html#the-pattern-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.2.6</span> The <code>pattern</code> attribute</a><li><a href=input.html#the-min-and-max-attributes><span class=secno>4.10.5.2.7</span> The <code>min</code> and <code>max</code> attributes</a><li><a href=input.html#the-step-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.2.8</span> The <code>step</code> attribute</a><li><a href=input.html#the-list-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.2.9</span> The <code>list</code> attribute</a><li><a href=input.html#the-placeholder-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.2.10</span> The <code>placeholder</code> attribute</a></ol><li><a href=input.html#common-input-element-apis><span class=secno>4.10.5.3</span> Common <code>input</code> element APIs</a></ol><li><a href=form-elements.html#the-button-element><span class=secno>4.10.6</span> The <code>button</code> element</a><li><a href=form-elements.html#the-select-element><span class=secno>4.10.7</span> The <code>select</code> element</a><li><a href=form-elements.html#the-datalist-element><span class=secno>4.10.8</span> The <code>datalist</code> element</a><li><a href=form-elements.html#the-optgroup-element><span class=secno>4.10.9</span> The <code>optgroup</code> element</a><li><a href=form-elements.html#the-option-element><span class=secno>4.10.10</span> The <code>option</code> element</a><li><a href=form-elements.html#the-textarea-element><span class=secno>4.10.11</span> The <code>textarea</code> element</a><li><a href=form-elements.html#the-output-element><span class=secno>4.10.12</span> The <code>output</code> element</a><li><a href=form-elements.html#the-progress-element><span class=secno>4.10.13</span> The <code>progress</code> element</a><li><a href=form-elements.html#the-meter-element><span class=secno>4.10.14</span> The <code>meter</code> element</a><li><a href=form-elements.html#the-fieldset-element><span class=secno>4.10.15</span> The <code>fieldset</code> element</a><li><a href=form-elements.html#the-legend-element><span class=secno>4.10.16</span> The <code>legend</code> element</a><li><a href=form-elements.html#the-selectedcontent-element><span class=secno>4.10.17</span> The <code>selectedcontent</code> element</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#form-control-infrastructure><span class=secno>4.10.18</span> Form control infrastructure</a><ol><li><a href="form-control-infrastructure.html#a-form-control's-value"><span class=secno>4.10.18.1</span> A form control's value</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#mutability><span class=secno>4.10.18.2</span> Mutability</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#association-of-controls-and-forms><span class=secno>4.10.18.3</span> Association of controls and forms</a></ol><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#attributes-common-to-form-controls><span class=secno>4.10.19</span> Attributes common to form controls</a><ol><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#naming-form-controls:-the-name-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.19.1</span> Naming form controls: the <code>name</code> attribute</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#submitting-element-directionality:-the-dirname-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.19.2</span> Submitting element directionality: the <code>dirname</code> attribute</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#limiting-user-input-length:-the-maxlength-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.19.3</span> Limiting user input length: the <code>maxlength</code> attribute</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#setting-minimum-input-length-requirements:-the-minlength-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.19.4</span> Setting minimum input length requirements: the <code>minlength</code> attribute</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#enabling-and-disabling-form-controls:-the-disabled-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.19.5</span> Enabling and disabling form controls: the <code>disabled</code> attribute</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#form-submission-attributes><span class=secno>4.10.19.6</span> Form submission attributes</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#autofill><span class=secno>4.10.19.7</span> Autofill</a><ol><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#autofilling-form-controls:-the-autocomplete-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.19.7.1</span> Autofilling form controls: the <code>autocomplete</code> attribute</a></ol></ol><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#textFieldSelection><span class=secno>4.10.20</span> APIs for the text control selections</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#constraints><span class=secno>4.10.21</span> Constraints</a><ol><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#the-constraint-validation-api><span class=secno>4.10.21.1</span> The constraint validation API</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#security-forms><span class=secno>4.10.21.2</span> Security</a></ol><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#form-submission-2><span class=secno>4.10.22</span> Form submission</a><ol><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#url-encoded-form-data><span class=secno>4.10.22.1</span> URL-encoded form data</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#multipart-form-data><span class=secno>4.10.22.2</span> Multipart form data</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#plain-text-form-data><span class=secno>4.10.22.3</span> Plain text form data</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#the-submitevent-interface><span class=secno>4.10.22.4</span> The <code>SubmitEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#the-formdataevent-interface><span class=secno>4.10.22.5</span> The <code>FormDataEvent</code> interface</a></ol></ol><li><a href=interactive-elements.html#interactive-elements><span class=secno>4.11</span> Interactive elements</a><ol><li><a href=interactive-elements.html#the-details-element><span class=secno>4.11.1</span> The <code>details</code> element</a><li><a href=interactive-elements.html#the-summary-element><span class=secno>4.11.2</span> The <code>summary</code> element</a><li><a href=interactive-elements.html#commands><span class=secno>4.11.3</span> Commands</a><ol><li><a href=interactive-elements.html#facets-2><span class=secno>4.11.3.1</span> Facets</a></ol><li><a href=interactive-elements.html#the-dialog-element><span class=secno>4.11.4</span> The <code>dialog</code> element</a><li><a href=interactive-elements.html#dialog-light-dismiss><span class=secno>4.11.5</span> Dialog light dismiss</a></ol><li><a href=scripting.html#scripting-3><span class=secno>4.12</span> Scripting</a><ol><li><a href=scripting.html#the-script-element><span class=secno>4.12.1</span> The <code>script</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=scripting.html#scriptingLanguages><span class=secno>4.12.1.1</span> Scripting languages</a><li><a href=scripting.html#restrictions-for-contents-of-script-elements><span class=secno>4.12.1.2</span> Restrictions for contents of <code>script</code> elements</a><li><a href=scripting.html#inline-documentation-for-external-scripts><span class=secno>4.12.1.3</span> Inline documentation for external scripts</a></ol><li><a href=scripting.html#the-noscript-element><span class=secno>4.12.2</span> The <code>noscript</code> element</a><li><a href=scripting.html#the-template-element><span class=secno>4.12.3</span> The <code>template</code> element</a><li><a href=scripting.html#the-slot-element><span class=secno>4.12.4</span> The <code>slot</code> element</a><li><a href=canvas.html#the-canvas-element><span class=secno>4.12.5</span> The <code>canvas</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=canvas.html#2dcontext><span class=secno>4.12.5.1</span> The 2D rendering context</a><ol><li><a href=canvas.html#implementation-notes><span class=secno>4.12.5.1.1</span> Implementation notes</a><li><a href=canvas.html#the-canvas-settings><span class=secno>4.12.5.1.2</span> The canvas settings</a><li><a href=canvas.html#the-canvas-state><span class=secno>4.12.5.1.3</span> The canvas state</a><li><a href=canvas.html#line-styles><span class=secno>4.12.5.1.4</span> Line styles</a><li><a href=canvas.html#text-styles><span class=secno>4.12.5.1.5</span> Text styles</a><li><a href=canvas.html#building-paths><span class=secno>4.12.5.1.6</span> Building paths</a><li><a href=canvas.html#path2d-objects><span class=secno>4.12.5.1.7</span> <code>Path2D</code> objects</a><li><a href=canvas.html#transformations><span class=secno>4.12.5.1.8</span> Transformations</a><li><a href=canvas.html#image-sources-for-2d-rendering-contexts><span class=secno>4.12.5.1.9</span> Image sources for 2D rendering contexts</a><li><a href=canvas.html#fill-and-stroke-styles><span class=secno>4.12.5.1.10</span> Fill and stroke styles</a><li><a href=canvas.html#drawing-rectangles-to-the-bitmap><span class=secno>4.12.5.1.11</span> Drawing rectangles to the bitmap</a><li><a href=canvas.html#drawing-text-to-the-bitmap><span class=secno>4.12.5.1.12</span> Drawing text to the bitmap</a><li><a href=canvas.html#drawing-paths-to-the-canvas><span class=secno>4.12.5.1.13</span> Drawing paths to the canvas</a><li><a href=canvas.html#drawing-focus-rings-and-scrolling-paths-into-view><span class=secno>4.12.5.1.14</span> Drawing focus rings</a><li><a href=canvas.html#drawing-images><span class=secno>4.12.5.1.15</span> Drawing images</a><li><a href=canvas.html#pixel-manipulation><span class=secno>4.12.5.1.16</span> Pixel manipulation</a><li><a href=canvas.html#compositing><span class=secno>4.12.5.1.17</span> Compositing</a><li><a href=canvas.html#image-smoothing><span class=secno>4.12.5.1.18</span> Image smoothing</a><li><a href=canvas.html#shadows><span class=secno>4.12.5.1.19</span> Shadows</a><li><a href=canvas.html#filters><span class=secno>4.12.5.1.20</span> Filters</a><li><a href=canvas.html#working-with-externally-defined-svg-filters><span class=secno>4.12.5.1.21</span> Working with externally-defined SVG filters</a><li><a href=canvas.html#best-practices><span class=secno>4.12.5.1.22</span> Best practices</a><li><a href=canvas.html#examples><span class=secno>4.12.5.1.23</span> Examples</a></ol><li><a href=canvas.html#the-imagebitmap-rendering-context><span class=secno>4.12.5.2</span> The <code>ImageBitmap</code> rendering context</a><ol><li><a href=canvas.html#introduction-5><span class=secno>4.12.5.2.1</span> Introduction</a><li><a href=canvas.html#the-imagebitmaprenderingcontext-interface><span class=secno>4.12.5.2.2</span> The <code>ImageBitmapRenderingContext</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=canvas.html#the-offscreencanvas-interface><span class=secno>4.12.5.3</span> The <code>OffscreenCanvas</code> interface</a><ol><li><a href=canvas.html#the-offscreen-2d-rendering-context><span class=secno>4.12.5.3.1</span> The offscreen 2D rendering context</a></ol><li><a href=canvas.html#serialising-bitmaps-to-a-file><span class=secno>4.12.5.4</span> Serializing bitmaps to a file</a><li><a href=canvas.html#premultiplied-alpha-and-the-2d-rendering-context><span class=secno>4.12.5.5</span> Premultiplied alpha and the 2D rendering context</a></ol></ol><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-elements><span class=secno>4.13</span> Custom elements</a><ol><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-elements-intro><span class=secno>4.13.1</span> Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-elements-autonomous-example><span class=secno>4.13.1.1</span> Creating an autonomous custom element</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-elements-face-example><span class=secno>4.13.1.2</span> Creating a form-associated custom element</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-elements-accessibility-example><span class=secno>4.13.1.3</span> Creating a custom element with default accessible roles, states, and properties</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-elements-customized-builtin-example><span class=secno>4.13.1.4</span> Creating a customized built-in element</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-elements-autonomous-drawbacks><span class=secno>4.13.1.5</span> Drawbacks of autonomous custom elements</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-elements-upgrades-examples><span class=secno>4.13.1.6</span> Upgrading elements after their creation</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#scoped-custom-element-registries><span class=secno>4.13.1.7</span> Scoped custom element registries</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#exposing-custom-element-states><span class=secno>4.13.1.8</span> Exposing custom element states</a></ol><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-element-conformance><span class=secno>4.13.2</span> Requirements for custom element constructors and
  reactions</a><ol><li><a href=custom-elements.html#preserving-custom-element-state-when-moved><span class=secno>4.13.2.1</span> Preserving custom element state when moved</a></ol><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-elements-core-concepts><span class=secno>4.13.3</span> Core concepts</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-elements-api><span class=secno>4.13.4</span> The <code>CustomElementRegistry</code> interface</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-element-reactions><span class=secno>4.13.5</span> Custom element reactions</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#element-internals><span class=secno>4.13.6</span> Element internals</a><ol><li><a href=custom-elements.html#shadow-root-access><span class=secno>4.13.6.1</span> Shadow root access</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#form-associated-custom-elements><span class=secno>4.13.6.2</span> Form-associated custom elements</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#accessibility-semantics><span class=secno>4.13.6.3</span> Accessibility semantics</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-state-pseudo-class><span class=secno>4.13.6.4</span> Custom state pseudo-class</a></ol></ol><li><a href=semantics-other.html#common-idioms><span class=secno>4.14</span> Common idioms without dedicated elements</a><ol><li><a href=semantics-other.html#rel-up><span class=secno>4.14.1</span> Breadcrumb navigation</a><li><a href=semantics-other.html#tag-clouds><span class=secno>4.14.2</span> Tag clouds</a><li><a href=semantics-other.html#conversations><span class=secno>4.14.3</span> Conversations</a><li><a href=semantics-other.html#footnotes><span class=secno>4.14.4</span> Footnotes</a></ol><li><a href=semantics-other.html#disabled-elements><span class=secno>4.15</span> Disabled elements</a></ol><li><a href=microdata.html#microdata><span class=secno>5</span> Microdata</a><ol><li><a href=microdata.html#introduction-6><span class=secno>5.1</span> Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=microdata.html#overview><span class=secno>5.1.1</span> Overview</a><li><a href=microdata.html#the-basic-syntax><span class=secno>5.1.2</span> The basic syntax</a><li><a href=microdata.html#typed-items><span class=secno>5.1.3</span> Typed items</a><li><a href=microdata.html#global-identifiers-for-items><span class=secno>5.1.4</span> Global identifiers for items</a><li><a href=microdata.html#selecting-names-when-defining-vocabularies><span class=secno>5.1.5</span> Selecting names when defining vocabularies</a></ol><li><a href=microdata.html#encoding-microdata><span class=secno>5.2</span> Encoding microdata</a><ol><li><a href=microdata.html#the-microdata-model><span class=secno>5.2.1</span> The microdata model</a><li><a href=microdata.html#items><span class=secno>5.2.2</span> Items</a><li><a href=microdata.html#names:-the-itemprop-attribute><span class=secno>5.2.3</span> Names: the <code>itemprop</code> attribute</a><li><a href=microdata.html#values><span class=secno>5.2.4</span> Values</a><li><a href=microdata.html#microdata-and-other-namespaces><span class=secno>5.2.5</span> Microdata and other namespaces</a></ol><li><a href=microdata.html#mdvocabs><span class=secno>5.3</span> Sample microdata vocabularies</a><ol><li><a href=microdata.html#vcard><span class=secno>5.3.1</span> vCard</a><ol><li><a href=microdata.html#conversion-to-vcard><span class=secno>5.3.1.1</span> Conversion to vCard</a><li><a href=microdata.html#examples-2><span class=secno>5.3.1.2</span> Examples</a></ol><li><a href=microdata.html#vevent><span class=secno>5.3.2</span> vEvent</a><ol><li><a href=microdata.html#conversion-to-icalendar><span class=secno>5.3.2.1</span> Conversion to iCalendar</a><li><a href=microdata.html#examples-3><span class=secno>5.3.2.2</span> Examples</a></ol><li><a href=microdata.html#licensing-works><span class=secno>5.3.3</span> Licensing works</a><ol><li><a href=microdata.html#examples-4><span class=secno>5.3.3.1</span> Examples</a></ol></ol></ol><li><a href=interaction.html#editing><span class=secno>6</span> User interaction</a><ol><li><a href=interaction.html#the-hidden-attribute><span class=secno>6.1</span> The <code>hidden</code> attribute</a><li><a href=interaction.html#page-visibility><span class=secno>6.2</span> Page visibility</a><ol><li><a href=interaction.html#the-visibilitystateentry-interface><span class=secno>6.2.1</span> The <code>VisibilityStateEntry</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=interaction.html#inert-subtrees><span class=secno>6.3</span> Inert subtrees</a><ol><li><a href=interaction.html#modal-dialogs-and-inert-subtrees><span class=secno>6.3.1</span> Modal dialogs and inert subtrees</a><li><a href=interaction.html#the-inert-attribute><span class=secno>6.3.2</span> The <code>inert</code> attribute</a></ol><li><a href=interaction.html#tracking-user-activation><span class=secno>6.4</span> Tracking user activation</a><ol><li><a href=interaction.html#the-useractivation-interface><span class=secno>6.4.1</span> The <code>UserActivation</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=interaction.html#activation><span class=secno>6.5</span> Activation behavior of elements</a><ol><li><a href=interaction.html#the-toggleevent-interface><span class=secno>6.5.1</span> The <code>ToggleEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=interaction.html#the-commandevent-interface><span class=secno>6.5.2</span> The <code>CommandEvent</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=interaction.html#focus><span class=secno>6.6</span> Focus</a><ol><li><a href=interaction.html#introduction-7><span class=secno>6.6.1</span> Introduction</a><li><a href=interaction.html#data-model><span class=secno>6.6.2</span> Data model</a><li><a href=interaction.html#the-tabindex-attribute><span class=secno>6.6.3</span> The <code>tabindex</code> attribute</a><li><a href=interaction.html#focus-management-apis><span class=secno>6.6.4</span> Focus management APIs</a><li><a href=interaction.html#the-autofocus-attribute><span class=secno>6.6.5</span> The <code>autofocus</code> attribute</a></ol><li><a href=interaction.html#assigning-keyboard-shortcuts><span class=secno>6.7</span> Assigning keyboard shortcuts</a><ol><li><a href=interaction.html#introduction-8><span class=secno>6.7.1</span> Introduction</a><li><a href=interaction.html#the-accesskey-attribute><span class=secno>6.7.2</span> The <code>accesskey</code>
  attribute</a></ol><li><a href=interaction.html#editing-2><span class=secno>6.8</span> Editing</a><ol><li><a href=interaction.html#contenteditable><span class=secno>6.8.1</span> Making document regions editable: The <code>contenteditable</code> content attribute</a><li><a href=interaction.html#making-entire-documents-editable:-the-designmode-idl-attribute><span class=secno>6.8.2</span> Making entire documents
  editable: the <code>designMode</code> getter and setter</a><li><a href=interaction.html#best-practices-for-in-page-editors><span class=secno>6.8.3</span> Best practices for in-page editors</a><li><a href=interaction.html#spelling-and-grammar-checking><span class=secno>6.8.4</span> Spelling and grammar checking</a><li><a href=interaction.html#writing-suggestions><span class=secno>6.8.5</span> Writing suggestions</a><li><a href=interaction.html#autocapitalization><span class=secno>6.8.6</span> Autocapitalization</a><li><a href=interaction.html#autocorrection><span class=secno>6.8.7</span> Autocorrection</a><li><a href=interaction.html#input-modalities:-the-inputmode-attribute><span class=secno>6.8.8</span> Input modalities: the <code>inputmode</code> attribute</a><li><a href=interaction.html#input-modalities:-the-enterkeyhint-attribute><span class=secno>6.8.9</span> Input modalities: the <code>enterkeyhint</code>
  attribute</a></ol><li><a href=interaction.html#find-in-page><span class=secno>6.9</span> Find-in-page</a><ol><li><a href=interaction.html#introduction-9><span class=secno>6.9.1</span> Introduction</a><li><a href="interaction.html#interaction-with-details-and-hidden=until-found"><span class=secno>6.9.2</span> Interaction with <code>details</code> and <code>hidden=until-found</code></a><li><a href=interaction.html#interaction-with-selection><span class=secno>6.9.3</span> Interaction with selection</a></ol><li><a href=interaction.html#close-requests-and-close-watchers><span class=secno>6.10</span> Close requests and close watchers</a><ol><li><a href=interaction.html#close-requests><span class=secno>6.10.1</span> Close requests</a><li><a href=interaction.html#the-closewatcher-interface><span class=secno>6.10.2</span> The <code>CloseWatcher</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=dnd.html#dnd><span class=secno>6.11</span> Drag and drop</a><ol><li><a href=dnd.html#event-drag><span class=secno>6.11.1</span> Introduction</a><li><a href=dnd.html#the-drag-data-store><span class=secno>6.11.2</span> The drag data store</a><li><a href=dnd.html#the-datatransfer-interface><span class=secno>6.11.3</span> The <code>DataTransfer</code> interface</a><ol><li><a href=dnd.html#the-datatransferitemlist-interface><span class=secno>6.11.3.1</span> The <code>DataTransferItemList</code> interface</a><li><a href=dnd.html#the-datatransferitem-interface><span class=secno>6.11.3.2</span> The <code>DataTransferItem</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=dnd.html#the-dragevent-interface><span class=secno>6.11.4</span> The <code>DragEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=dnd.html#dndevents><span class=secno>6.11.5</span> Events summary</a><li><a href=dnd.html#the-draggable-attribute><span class=secno>6.11.6</span> The <code>draggable</code> attribute</a></ol><li><a href=popover.html#the-popover-attribute><span class=secno>6.12</span> The <code>popover</code> attribute</a><ol><li><a href=popover.html#the-popover-target-attributes><span class=secno>6.12.1</span> The popover target attributes</a><li><a href=popover.html#popover-light-dismiss><span class=secno>6.12.2</span> Popover light dismiss</a></ol></ol><li><a href=browsers.html#browsers><span class=secno>7</span> Loading web pages</a><ol><li><a href=browsers.html#loading-web-pages-supporting-concepts><span class=secno>7.1</span> Supporting concepts</a><ol><li><a href=browsers.html#origin><span class=secno>7.1.1</span> Origins</a><ol><li><a href=browsers.html#sites><span class=secno>7.1.1.1</span> Sites</a><li><a href=browsers.html#relaxing-the-same-origin-restriction><span class=secno>7.1.1.2</span> Relaxing the same-origin restriction</a></ol><li><a href=browsers.html#origin-keyed-agent-clusters><span class=secno>7.1.2</span> Origin-keyed agent clusters</a><li><a href=browsers.html#cross-origin-opener-policies><span class=secno>7.1.3</span> Cross-origin opener policies</a><ol><li><a href=browsers.html#the-coop-headers><span class=secno>7.1.3.1</span> The headers</a></ol><li><a href=browsers.html#coep><span class=secno>7.1.4</span> Cross-origin embedder policies</a><ol><li><a href=browsers.html#the-coep-headers><span class=secno>7.1.4.1</span> The headers</a></ol><li><a href=browsers.html#sandboxing><span class=secno>7.1.5</span> Sandboxing</a></ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#nav-traversal-apis><span class=secno>7.2</span> APIs related to navigation and
  session history</a><ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-window-object><span class=secno>7.2.1</span> The <code>Window</code> object</a><ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#apis-for-creating-and-navigating-browsing-contexts-by-name><span class=secno>7.2.1.1</span> Opening and closing windows</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#accessing-other-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>7.2.1.2</span> Indexed access on the <code>Window</code> object</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#named-access-on-the-window-object><span class=secno>7.2.1.3</span> Named access on the <code>Window</code> object</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#navigating-nested-browsing-contexts-in-the-dom><span class=secno>7.2.1.4</span> Accessing related windows</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#browser-interface-elements><span class=secno>7.2.1.5</span> Historical browser interface element APIs</a></ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-windowproxy-exotic-object><span class=secno>7.2.2</span> The <code>WindowProxy</code> exotic object</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-location-interface><span class=secno>7.2.3</span> The <code>Location</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-history-interface><span class=secno>7.2.4</span> The <code>History</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#navigation-api><span class=secno>7.2.5</span> The navigation API</a><ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#navigation-api-intro><span class=secno>7.2.5.1</span> Introduction</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#navigation-interface><span class=secno>7.2.5.2</span> The <code>Navigation</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#navigation-api-core><span class=secno>7.2.5.3</span> Core infrastructure</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-navigationhistoryentry-interface><span class=secno>7.2.5.4</span> The <code>NavigationHistoryEntry</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-history-entry-list><span class=secno>7.2.5.5</span> The history entry list</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#navigation-api-initiating-navigations><span class=secno>7.2.5.6</span> Initiating navigations</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#ongoing-navigation-tracking><span class=secno>7.2.5.7</span> Ongoing navigation tracking</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#navigation-activation-interface><span class=secno>7.2.5.8</span> The <code>NavigationActivation</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-navigate-event><span class=secno>7.2.5.9</span> The <code>navigate</code> event</a><ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-navigateevent-interface><span class=secno>7.2.5.9.1</span> The <code>NavigateEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-navigationprecommitcontroller-interface><span class=secno>7.2.5.9.2</span> The <code>NavigationPrecommitController</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-navigationdestination-interface><span class=secno>7.2.5.9.3</span> The <code>NavigationDestination</code> interface</a></ol></ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#nav-traversal-event-interfaces><span class=secno>7.2.6</span> Event interfaces</a><ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-navigationcurrententrychangeevent-interface><span class=secno>7.2.6.1</span> The <code>NavigationCurrentEntryChangeEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-popstateevent-interface><span class=secno>7.2.6.2</span> The <code>PopStateEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-hashchangeevent-interface><span class=secno>7.2.6.3</span> The <code>HashChangeEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-pageswapevent-interface><span class=secno>7.2.6.4</span> The <code>PageSwapEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-pagerevealevent-interface><span class=secno>7.2.6.5</span> The <code>PageRevealEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-pagetransitionevent-interface><span class=secno>7.2.6.6</span> The <code>PageTransitionEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-beforeunloadevent-interface><span class=secno>7.2.6.7</span> The <code>BeforeUnloadEvent</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-notrestoredreasons-interface><span class=secno>7.2.7</span> The <code>NotRestoredReasons</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=document-sequences.html#infrastructure-for-sequences-of-documents><span class=secno>7.3</span> Infrastructure for sequences of documents</a><ol><li><a href=document-sequences.html#navigables><span class=secno>7.3.1</span> Navigables</a><ol><li><a href=document-sequences.html#traversable-navigables><span class=secno>7.3.1.1</span> Traversable navigables</a><li><a href=document-sequences.html#top-level-traversables><span class=secno>7.3.1.2</span> Top-level traversables</a><li><a href=document-sequences.html#child-navigables><span class=secno>7.3.1.3</span> Child navigables</a><li><a href=document-sequences.html#jake-diagrams><span class=secno>7.3.1.4</span> Jake diagrams</a><li><a href=document-sequences.html#related-navigable-collections><span class=secno>7.3.1.5</span> Related navigable collections</a><li><a href=document-sequences.html#garbage-collection-and-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>7.3.1.6</span> Navigable destruction</a><li><a href=document-sequences.html#navigable-target-names><span class=secno>7.3.1.7</span> Navigable target names</a></ol><li><a href=document-sequences.html#windows><span class=secno>7.3.2</span> Browsing contexts</a><ol><li><a href=document-sequences.html#creating-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>7.3.2.1</span> Creating browsing contexts</a><li><a href=document-sequences.html#nested-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>7.3.2.2</span> Related browsing contexts</a><li><a href=document-sequences.html#groupings-of-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>7.3.2.3</span> Groupings of browsing contexts</a></ol><li><a href=document-sequences.html#fully-active-documents><span class=secno>7.3.3</span> Fully active documents</a></ol><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#navigation-and-session-history><span class=secno>7.4</span> Navigation and session
  history</a><ol><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#session-history-infrastructure><span class=secno>7.4.1</span> Session history</a><ol><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#session-history-entries><span class=secno>7.4.1.1</span> Session history entries</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#document-state><span class=secno>7.4.1.2</span> Document state</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#centralized-modifications-of-session-history><span class=secno>7.4.1.3</span> Centralized modifications of session history</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#low-level-operations-on-session-history><span class=secno>7.4.1.4</span> Low-level operations on session history</a></ol><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#navigating-across-documents><span class=secno>7.4.2</span> Navigation</a><ol><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#navigation-supporting-concepts><span class=secno>7.4.2.1</span> Supporting concepts</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#beginning-navigation><span class=secno>7.4.2.2</span> Beginning navigation</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#ending-navigation><span class=secno>7.4.2.3</span> Ending navigation</a><ol><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#the-usual-cross-document-navigation-case><span class=secno>7.4.2.3.1</span> The usual cross-document navigation case</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#the-javascript:-url-special-case><span class=secno>7.4.2.3.2</span> The <code>javascript:</code> URL special case</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#scroll-to-fragid><span class=secno>7.4.2.3.3</span> Fragment navigations</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#non-fetch-schemes-and-external-software><span class=secno>7.4.2.3.4</span> Non-fetch schemes and external software</a></ol><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#preventing-navigation><span class=secno>7.4.2.4</span> Preventing navigation</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#aborting-navigation><span class=secno>7.4.2.5</span> Aborting navigation</a></ol><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#reloading-and-traversing><span class=secno>7.4.3</span> Reloading and traversing</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#navigate-non-frag-sync><span class=secno>7.4.4</span> Non-fragment synchronous "navigations"</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#populating-a-session-history-entry><span class=secno>7.4.5</span> Populating a session history entry</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#applying-the-history-step><span class=secno>7.4.6</span> Applying the history step</a><ol><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#updating-the-traversable><span class=secno>7.4.6.1</span> Updating the traversable</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#updating-the-document><span class=secno>7.4.6.2</span> Updating the document</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#revealing-the-document><span class=secno>7.4.6.3</span> Revealing the document</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#scrolling-to-a-fragment><span class=secno>7.4.6.4</span> Scrolling to a fragment</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#persisted-user-state-restoration><span class=secno>7.4.6.5</span> Persisted history entry state</a></ol></ol><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#document-lifecycle><span class=secno>7.5</span> Document lifecycle</a><ol><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#shared-document-creation-infrastructure><span class=secno>7.5.1</span> Shared document creation infrastructure</a><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#read-html><span class=secno>7.5.2</span> Loading HTML documents</a><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#read-xml><span class=secno>7.5.3</span> Loading XML documents</a><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#read-text><span class=secno>7.5.4</span> Loading text documents</a><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#read-multipart-x-mixed-replace><span class=secno>7.5.5</span> Loading <code>multipart/x-mixed-replace</code>
  documents</a><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#read-media><span class=secno>7.5.6</span> Loading media documents</a><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#read-ua-inline><span class=secno>7.5.7</span> Loading a document for inline content that doesn't have a
  DOM</a><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#loading-documents><span class=secno>7.5.8</span> Finishing the loading process</a><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#unloading-documents><span class=secno>7.5.9</span> Unloading documents</a><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#destroying-documents><span class=secno>7.5.10</span> Destroying documents</a><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#aborting-a-document-load><span class=secno>7.5.11</span> Aborting a document load</a></ol><li><a href=speculative-loading.html#speculative-loading><span class=secno>7.6</span> Speculative loading</a><ol><li><a href=speculative-loading.html#speculation-rules><span class=secno>7.6.1</span> Speculation rules</a><ol><li><a href=speculative-loading.html#speculation-rules-data-model><span class=secno>7.6.1.1</span> Data model</a><li><a href=speculative-loading.html#speculation-rules-parsing><span class=secno>7.6.1.2</span> Parsing</a><li><a href=speculative-loading.html#speculation-rules-processing-model><span class=secno>7.6.1.3</span> Processing model</a></ol><li><a href=speculative-loading.html#navigational-prefetching><span class=secno>7.6.2</span> Navigational prefetching</a><li><a href=speculative-loading.html#the-speculation-rules-header><span class=secno>7.6.3</span> The `<code>Speculation-Rules</code>` header</a><li><a href=speculative-loading.html#the-sec-speculation-tags-header><span class=secno>7.6.4</span> The `<code>Sec-Speculation-Tags</code>` header</a><li><a href=speculative-loading.html#speculative-loading-security><span class=secno>7.6.5</span> Security considerations</a><ol><li><a href=speculative-loading.html#speculative-loading-cross-site-requests><span class=secno>7.6.5.1</span> Cross-site requests</a><li><a href=speculative-loading.html#speculative-loading-injected-content><span class=secno>7.6.5.2</span> Injected content</a><li><a href=speculative-loading.html#speculative-loading-ip-anonymization><span class=secno>7.6.5.3</span> IP anonymization</a></ol><li><a href=speculative-loading.html#speculative-loading-privacy><span class=secno>7.6.6</span> Privacy considerations</a><ol><li><a href=speculative-loading.html#speculative-loading-heuristics><span class=secno>7.6.6.1</span> Heuristics and optionality</a><li><a href=speculative-loading.html#speculative-loading-state-partitioning><span class=secno>7.6.6.2</span> State partitioning</a><li><a href=speculative-loading.html#speculative-loading-identity-joining><span class=secno>7.6.6.3</span> Identity joining</a></ol></ol><li><a href=speculative-loading.html#the-x-frame-options-header><span class=secno>7.7</span> The `<code>X-Frame-Options</code>` header</a><li><a href=speculative-loading.html#the-refresh-header><span class=secno>7.8</span> The `<code>Refresh</code>` header</a><li><a href=speculative-loading.html#nav-traversal-ui><span class=secno>7.9</span> Browser user interface
  considerations</a></ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#webappapis><span class=secno>8</span> Web application APIs</a><ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#scripting><span class=secno>8.1</span> Scripting</a><ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#introduction-10><span class=secno>8.1.1</span> Introduction</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#agents-and-agent-clusters><span class=secno>8.1.2</span> Agents and agent clusters</a><ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#integration-with-the-javascript-agent-formalism><span class=secno>8.1.2.1</span> Integration with the JavaScript agent formalism</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#integration-with-the-javascript-agent-cluster-formalism><span class=secno>8.1.2.2</span> Integration with the JavaScript agent cluster formalism</a></ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#scripting-processing-model><span class=secno>8.1.3</span> Script processing
  model</a><ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#runtime-script-errors><span class=secno>8.1.3.1</span> Runtime script errors</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#unhandled-promise-rejections><span class=secno>8.1.3.2</span> Unhandled promise rejections</a></ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#module-specifier-resolution><span class=secno>8.1.4</span> Module specifier resolution</a><ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#the-resolution-algorithm><span class=secno>8.1.4.1</span> The resolution algorithm</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#import-maps><span class=secno>8.1.4.2</span> Import maps</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#integration-with-the-javascript-module-system><span class=secno>8.1.4.3</span> Module-related host hooks</a></ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#event-loops><span class=secno>8.1.5</span> Event loops</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#events><span class=secno>8.1.6</span> Events</a><ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#event-handler-attributes><span class=secno>8.1.6.1</span> Event handlers</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#event-handlers-on-elements,-document-objects,-and-window-objects><span class=secno>8.1.6.2</span> Event handlers on elements, <code>Document</code> objects, and <code>Window</code> objects</a></ol></ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#windoworworkerglobalscope-mixin><span class=secno>8.2</span> The <code>WindowOrWorkerGlobalScope</code> mixin</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#atob><span class=secno>8.3</span> Base64 utility methods</a><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#dynamic-markup-insertion><span class=secno>8.4</span> Dynamic markup insertion</a><ol><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#opening-the-input-stream><span class=secno>8.4.1</span> Opening the input stream</a><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#closing-the-input-stream><span class=secno>8.4.2</span> Closing the input stream</a><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#document.write()><span class=secno>8.4.3</span> <code>document.write()</code></a><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#document.writeln()><span class=secno>8.4.4</span> <code>document.writeln()</code></a></ol><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#dom-parsing-and-serialization><span class=secno>8.5</span> DOM parsing and serialization APIs</a><ol><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#the-domparser-interface><span class=secno>8.5.1</span> The <code>DOMParser</code> interface</a><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#unsafe-html-parsing-methods><span class=secno>8.5.2</span> Unsafe HTML parsing methods</a><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#html-serialization-methods><span class=secno>8.5.3</span> HTML serialization methods</a><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#the-innerhtml-property><span class=secno>8.5.4</span> The <code>innerHTML</code> property</a><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#the-outerhtml-property><span class=secno>8.5.5</span> The <code>outerHTML</code> property</a><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#the-insertadjacenthtml()-method><span class=secno>8.5.6</span> The <code>insertAdjacentHTML()</code> method</a><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#the-createcontextualfragment()-method><span class=secno>8.5.7</span> The <code>createContextualFragment()</code>
  method</a><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#the-xmlserializer-interface><span class=secno>8.5.8</span> The <code>XMLSerializer</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=timers-and-user-prompts.html#timers><span class=secno>8.6</span> Timers</a><li><a href=timers-and-user-prompts.html#microtask-queuing><span class=secno>8.7</span> Microtask queuing</a><li><a href=timers-and-user-prompts.html#user-prompts><span class=secno>8.8</span> User prompts</a><ol><li><a href=timers-and-user-prompts.html#simple-dialogs><span class=secno>8.8.1</span> Simple dialogs</a><li><a href=timers-and-user-prompts.html#printing><span class=secno>8.8.2</span> Printing</a></ol><li><a href=system-state.html#system-state-and-capabilities><span class=secno>8.9</span> System state and capabilities</a><ol><li><a href=system-state.html#the-navigator-object><span class=secno>8.9.1</span> The <code>Navigator</code> object</a><ol><li><a href=system-state.html#client-identification><span class=secno>8.9.1.1</span> Client identification</a><li><a href=system-state.html#language-preferences><span class=secno>8.9.1.2</span> Language preferences</a><li><a href=system-state.html#navigator.online><span class=secno>8.9.1.3</span> Browser state</a><li><a href=system-state.html#custom-handlers><span class=secno>8.9.1.4</span> Custom scheme handlers: the <code>registerProtocolHandler()</code> method</a><li><a href=system-state.html#cookies><span class=secno>8.9.1.5</span> Cookies</a><li><a href=system-state.html#pdf-viewing-support><span class=secno>8.9.1.6</span> PDF viewing support</a></ol></ol><li><a href=imagebitmap-and-animations.html#images-2><span class=secno>8.10</span> Images</a><ol><li><a href=imagebitmap-and-animations.html#the-imagedata-interface><span class=secno>8.10.1</span> The <code>ImageData</code> interface</a><li><a href=imagebitmap-and-animations.html#the-imagebitmap-interface><span class=secno>8.10.2</span> The <code>ImageBitmap</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=imagebitmap-and-animations.html#animation-frames><span class=secno>8.11</span> Animation frames</a></ol><li><a href=comms.html#comms><span class=secno>9</span> Communication</a><ol><li><a href=comms.html#the-messageevent-interface><span class=secno>9.1</span> The <code>MessageEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=server-sent-events.html#server-sent-events><span class=secno>9.2</span> Server-sent events</a><ol><li><a href=server-sent-events.html#server-sent-events-intro><span class=secno>9.2.1</span> Introduction</a><li><a href=server-sent-events.html#the-eventsource-interface><span class=secno>9.2.2</span> The <code>EventSource</code> interface</a><li><a href=server-sent-events.html#the-last-event-id-header><span class=secno>9.2.3</span> The `<code>Last-Event-ID</code>` header</a><li><a href=server-sent-events.html#the-event-stream-format><span class=secno>9.2.4</span> The event stream format</a><li><a href=server-sent-events.html#authoring-notes><span class=secno>9.2.5</span> Authoring notes</a></ol><li><a href=web-messaging.html#web-messaging><span class=secno>9.3</span> Cross-document messaging</a><ol><li><a href=web-messaging.html#introduction-11><span class=secno>9.3.1</span> Introduction</a><li><a href=web-messaging.html#security-postmsg><span class=secno>9.3.2</span> Security</a><li><a href=web-messaging.html#posting-messages><span class=secno>9.3.3</span> Posting messages</a></ol><li><a href=web-messaging.html#channel-messaging><span class=secno>9.4</span> Channel messaging</a><ol><li><a href=web-messaging.html#introduction-12><span class=secno>9.4.1</span> Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=web-messaging.html#examples-5><span class=secno>9.4.1.1</span> Examples</a><li><a href=web-messaging.html#ports-as-the-basis-of-an-object-capability-model-on-the-web><span class=secno>9.4.1.2</span> Ports as the basis of an object-capability model on the web</a><li><a href=web-messaging.html#ports-as-the-basis-of-abstracting-out-service-implementations><span class=secno>9.4.1.3</span> Ports as the basis of abstracting out service implementations</a></ol><li><a href=web-messaging.html#message-channels><span class=secno>9.4.2</span> Message channels</a><li><a href=web-messaging.html#properties-present-on-messageport,-worker,-and-dedicatedworkerglobalscope><span class=secno>9.4.3</span> Properties present on <code>MessagePort</code>, <code>Worker</code>, and
  <code>DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope</code></a><li><a href=web-messaging.html#message-ports><span class=secno>9.4.4</span> Message ports</a><li><a href=web-messaging.html#ports-and-garbage-collection><span class=secno>9.4.5</span> Ports and garbage collection</a></ol><li><a href=web-messaging.html#broadcasting-to-other-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>9.5</span> Broadcasting to other browsing contexts</a></ol><li><a href=workers.html#workers><span class=secno>10</span> Web workers</a><ol><li><a href=workers.html#introduction-13><span class=secno>10.1</span> Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=workers.html#scope-2><span class=secno>10.1.1</span> Scope</a><li><a href=workers.html#examples-6><span class=secno>10.1.2</span> Examples</a><ol><li><a href=workers.html#a-background-number-crunching-worker><span class=secno>10.1.2.1</span> A background number-crunching worker</a><li><a href=workers.html#module-worker-example><span class=secno>10.1.2.2</span> Using a JavaScript module as a worker</a><li><a href=workers.html#shared-workers-introduction><span class=secno>10.1.2.3</span> Shared workers introduction</a><li><a href=workers.html#shared-state-using-a-shared-worker><span class=secno>10.1.2.4</span> Shared state using a shared worker</a><li><a href=workers.html#delegation><span class=secno>10.1.2.5</span> Delegation</a><li><a href=workers.html#providing-libraries><span class=secno>10.1.2.6</span> Providing libraries</a></ol><li><a href=workers.html#tutorials><span class=secno>10.1.3</span> Tutorials</a><ol><li><a href=workers.html#creating-a-dedicated-worker><span class=secno>10.1.3.1</span> Creating a dedicated worker</a><li><a href=workers.html#communicating-with-a-dedicated-worker><span class=secno>10.1.3.2</span> Communicating with a dedicated worker</a><li><a href=workers.html#shared-workers><span class=secno>10.1.3.3</span> Shared workers</a></ol></ol><li><a href=workers.html#infrastructure-2><span class=secno>10.2</span> Infrastructure</a><ol><li><a href=workers.html#the-global-scope><span class=secno>10.2.1</span> The global scope</a><ol><li><a href=workers.html#the-workerglobalscope-common-interface><span class=secno>10.2.1.1</span> The <code>WorkerGlobalScope</code> common interface</a><li><a href=workers.html#dedicated-workers-and-the-dedicatedworkerglobalscope-interface><span class=secno>10.2.1.2</span> Dedicated workers and the <code>DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope</code> interface</a><li><a href=workers.html#shared-workers-and-the-sharedworkerglobalscope-interface><span class=secno>10.2.1.3</span> Shared workers and the <code>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=workers.html#worker-event-loop><span class=secno>10.2.2</span> The event loop</a><li><a href=workers.html#runtime-script-errors-2><span class=secno>10.2.3</span> Runtime script errors</a><li><a href=workers.html#creating-workers><span class=secno>10.2.4</span> Creating workers</a><ol><li><a href=workers.html#properties-present-on-both-worker-and-sharedworker><span class=secno>10.2.4.1</span> Properties present on both <code>Worker</code> and <code>SharedWorker</code></a><li><a href=workers.html#dedicated-workers-and-the-worker-interface><span class=secno>10.2.4.2</span> Dedicated workers and the <code>Worker</code> interface</a><li><a href=workers.html#shared-workers-and-the-sharedworker-interface><span class=secno>10.2.4.3</span> Shared workers and the <code>SharedWorker</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=workers.html#navigator.hardwareconcurrency><span class=secno>10.2.5</span> Concurrent hardware capabilities</a></ol><li><a href=workers.html#apis-available-to-workers><span class=secno>10.3</span> APIs available to workers</a><ol><li><a href=workers.html#the-workernavigator-object><span class=secno>10.3.1</span> The <code>WorkerNavigator</code> interface</a><li><a href=workers.html#worker-locations><span class=secno>10.3.2</span> The <code>WorkerLocation</code> interface</a></ol></ol><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets><span class=secno>11</span> Worklets</a><ol><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets-intro><span class=secno>11.1</span> Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets-motivations><span class=secno>11.1.1</span> Motivations</a><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets-idempotent><span class=secno>11.1.2</span> Code idempotence</a><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets-speculative><span class=secno>11.1.3</span> Speculative evaluation</a></ol><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets-examples><span class=secno>11.2</span> Examples</a><ol><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets-examples-loading><span class=secno>11.2.1</span> Loading scripts</a><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets-example-registering><span class=secno>11.2.2</span> Registering a class and invoking its methods</a></ol><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets-infrastructure><span class=secno>11.3</span> Infrastructure</a><ol><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets-global><span class=secno>11.3.1</span> The global scope</a><ol><li><a href=worklets.html#worklet-agents-and-event-loops><span class=secno>11.3.1.1</span> Agents and event loops</a></ol><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets-worklet><span class=secno>11.3.2</span> The <code>Worklet</code> class</a><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets-lifetime><span class=secno>11.3.3</span> The worklet's lifetime</a></ol></ol><li><a href=webstorage.html#webstorage><span class=secno>12</span> Web storage</a><ol><li><a href=webstorage.html#introduction-14><span class=secno>12.1</span> Introduction</a><li><a href=webstorage.html#storage><span class=secno>12.2</span> The API</a><ol><li><a href=webstorage.html#the-storage-interface><span class=secno>12.2.1</span> The <code>Storage</code> interface</a><li><a href=webstorage.html#the-sessionstorage-attribute><span class=secno>12.2.2</span> The <code>sessionStorage</code> getter</a><li><a href=webstorage.html#the-localstorage-attribute><span class=secno>12.2.3</span> The <code>localStorage</code> getter</a><li><a href=webstorage.html#the-storageevent-interface><span class=secno>12.2.4</span> The <code>StorageEvent</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=webstorage.html#privacy><span class=secno>12.3</span> Privacy</a><ol><li><a href=webstorage.html#user-tracking><span class=secno>12.3.1</span> User tracking</a></ol><li><a href=webstorage.html#security-storage><span class=secno>12.4</span> Security</a><ol><li><a href=webstorage.html#dns-spoofing-attacks><span class=secno>12.4.1</span> DNS spoofing attacks</a><li><a href=webstorage.html#cross-directory-attacks><span class=secno>12.4.2</span> Cross-directory attacks</a></ol></ol><li><a href=syntax.html#syntax><span class=secno>13</span> The HTML syntax</a><ol><li><a href=syntax.html#writing><span class=secno>13.1</span> Writing HTML documents</a><ol><li><a href=syntax.html#the-doctype><span class=secno>13.1.1</span> The DOCTYPE</a><li><a href=syntax.html#elements-2><span class=secno>13.1.2</span> Elements</a><ol><li><a href=syntax.html#start-tags><span class=secno>13.1.2.1</span> Start tags</a><li><a href=syntax.html#end-tags><span class=secno>13.1.2.2</span> End tags</a><li><a href=syntax.html#attributes-2><span class=secno>13.1.2.3</span> Attributes</a><li><a href=syntax.html#optional-tags><span class=secno>13.1.2.4</span> Optional tags</a><li><a href=syntax.html#element-restrictions><span class=secno>13.1.2.5</span> Restrictions on content models</a><li><a href=syntax.html#cdata-rcdata-restrictions><span class=secno>13.1.2.6</span> Restrictions on the contents of raw text and escapable raw text elements</a></ol><li><a href=syntax.html#text-2><span class=secno>13.1.3</span> Text</a><ol><li><a href=syntax.html#newlines><span class=secno>13.1.3.1</span> Newlines</a></ol><li><a href=syntax.html#character-references><span class=secno>13.1.4</span> Character references</a><li><a href=syntax.html#cdata-sections><span class=secno>13.1.5</span> CDATA sections</a><li><a href=syntax.html#comments><span class=secno>13.1.6</span> Comments</a></ol><li><a href=named-characters.html#named-character-references><span class=secno>13.2</span> Named character references</a></ol><li><a href=xhtml.html#the-xhtml-syntax><span class=secno>14</span> The XML syntax</a><li><a href=obsolete.html#obsolete><span class=secno>15</span> Obsolete features</a><ol><li><a href=obsolete.html#obsolete-but-conforming-features><span class=secno>15.1</span> Obsolete but conforming features</a><li><a href=obsolete.html#non-conforming-features><span class=secno>15.2</span> Non-conforming features</a></ol><li><a href=indices.html#index>Index</a><ol><li><a href=indices.html#elements-3>Elements</a><li><a href=indices.html#element-content-categories>Element content categories</a><li><a href=indices.html#attributes-3>Attributes</a><li><a href=indices.html#element-interfaces>Element interfaces</a><li><a href=indices.html#all-interfaces>All interfaces</a><li><a href=indices.html#events-2>Events</a><li><a href=indices.html#http-headers>HTTP headers</a><li><a href=indices.html#mime-types-2>MIME types</a></ol><li><a href=references.html#references>References</a><li><a href=acknowledgements.html#acknowledgments>Acknowledgments</a><li><a href=acknowledgements.html#ipr>Intellectual property rights</a></ol>

  <div>

  <h2 id=about-dev-edition class="no-num no-toc">About this specification</h2>

  <p>This specification is like no other — it has been processed with <em>you</em>, the humble web
  developer, in mind.</p>

  <p>The focus of this specification is readability and ease of access. Unlike the <a href=../multipage/index.html>full HTML Standard</a>, this "developer's edition" removes information that
  only browser vendors need know. It is automatically produced from the full specification by our
  build tooling, and thus always in sync with the latest developments in HTML.</p>

  <p>To read about its conception, construction, and future, read the <a href=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220020906/http://archive.germanforblack.com:80/articles/html5-for-web-developers>original
  press release</a>, and the <a href=https://blog.whatwg.org/developers-edition-comeback>blog post
  about its relaunch</a>.</p>

  <p>Finally, feel free to <a href=https://github.com/whatwg/html/labels/dev edition>contribute
  on GitHub</a> to make this edition better for everyone!</p>

  </div>

  
